tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-74109244846207909442024-03-05T21:13:20.906-08:00Ma'aseh Tuviyah 300 !In Venice 300 years ago was published for the first time, Ma'aseh Tuviyah, the life work of the Jewish physician Tobias Cohen (Metz, 1652 - Jerusalem, 1729).
On the occasion of this anniversary, a group of Baroque Music, Ritmo Anima, and a historian of medicine, Etienne (Eytan) Lepicard, joined together to (re)create his personal saga through an innovative performance combining music and narrative.
This blog presents our work and information about related events.
For more, see at bottom.Levhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06414236365698578643noreply@blogger.comBlogger10125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7410924484620790944.post-27822703000710419202013-01-23T06:47:00.001-08:002013-01-23T06:49:29.038-08:00Tuviya at a Burgundy U seminar<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgljg7vNpUGmGl5KOUht-Tqhp3zaS3opEwYI54SArxx90atZ5kM-LwBd3EXdQ1TeZcm_jTflgLXyJjIXN-JWFWnb7fPtGEZz66gxDBQCBj4AzFvYASHnl3RYdrtNWtvl_ENzObvA06gYwY/s1600/affiche+janvier.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgljg7vNpUGmGl5KOUht-Tqhp3zaS3opEwYI54SArxx90atZ5kM-LwBd3EXdQ1TeZcm_jTflgLXyJjIXN-JWFWnb7fPtGEZz66gxDBQCBj4AzFvYASHnl3RYdrtNWtvl_ENzObvA06gYwY/s320/affiche+janvier.jpg" width="226" /></a></div>
<br />Levhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06414236365698578643noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7410924484620790944.post-23111761546836121712012-02-15T03:49:00.001-08:002012-02-15T03:49:01.925-08:00News 2012Dear friends,<br />
<br />
Just a few words to say that we hope that 2012 will see a renewal of Maase Tuviya performance. We have some projects with Safed, Jerusalem and even Padova in Italy on the eve of Rosh hashana.<br />
Meanwhile, we want to announce a CALL FOR PAPERS as the 43rd Congress of the International Society for the HIstory of Medicine will be held there and together with a group of Israeli scholars Etienne Lepicard is planning a session about Jews who got their MD from Padua in Renaissance times.<br />
For those interested please be in touch directly with Dr Etienne Lepicard: elepicard@gmail.comLevhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06414236365698578643noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7410924484620790944.post-53567025429162994822010-04-17T23:55:00.000-07:002010-04-18T02:08:53.685-07:00Behind Beit Avi Chai Scene!Last rehearsal before performing:<br /><br /><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 180px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 123px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5461370987422177074" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivS4IbUT1xW_r4PJls1xJQlNQ1eRY-EHXc_PkqPu9LdoyEw8BXn46szSKSEkSiytHrPN8DipA8RNNdK9X3jqN-bN6BD1f_Gr2OEHuN7SbiDy0lXAqwTcTLM8Hft6xcIyxjKQ_40mqOfik/s200/2010_0415romanegelabgudeTuviy0072.JPG" /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEGemlrpdPzvHCKPX7tNaIod8Ir6EOofffgQ20CDp5Rd_IaVYewx43nXT8hfiVOL0CKpLCi3yPsVMGa3AiuN12g_hXZr-SB9Q1oB6hu9m3_8ACPCPAqIkc7EcWLek6Ge0ILRkHH-4HqZc/s1600/2010_0415romanegelabgudeTuviy0073.JPG"><img style="MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 180px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 123px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5461371532566966274" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEGemlrpdPzvHCKPX7tNaIod8Ir6EOofffgQ20CDp5Rd_IaVYewx43nXT8hfiVOL0CKpLCi3yPsVMGa3AiuN12g_hXZr-SB9Q1oB6hu9m3_8ACPCPAqIkc7EcWLek6Ge0ILRkHH-4HqZc/s200/2010_0415romanegelabgudeTuviy0073.JPG" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOUxATjk1klcn00cfZrE3fhXQbGEm3frbrBiaCgM77fXxvuDqnIgL1sGErVplAfX3-Lq9xunrQpilxy-DGgnLIJzUVFFp1KyOrfFmNybZYttPyFI3eGRZnUagVQHCP-jJFIEP5Ca1bVC8/s1600/2010_0415romanegelabgudeTuviy0075.JPG"><br /><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 180px; FLOAT: left; HEIGHT: 123px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5461372557750692274" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOUxATjk1klcn00cfZrE3fhXQbGEm3frbrBiaCgM77fXxvuDqnIgL1sGErVplAfX3-Lq9xunrQpilxy-DGgnLIJzUVFFp1KyOrfFmNybZYttPyFI3eGRZnUagVQHCP-jJFIEP5Ca1bVC8/s200/2010_0415romanegelabgudeTuviy0075.JPG" /></a> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixDMjec1j42vpq17HzKR3enSGDt0Yx7t9H92XKbL8FqFLoo2SGVI0BDMila2V4PIyyaV2mHUVVADDK2IxEUubV_c1eJfs4WoK4d9WFoszC2gQigKEAwlQRAndsQMIT4hwlObUkac2sGpM/s1600/2010_0415romanegelabgudeTuviy0078.JPG"><img style="MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 180px; HEIGHT: 123px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5461376722376132626" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixDMjec1j42vpq17HzKR3enSGDt0Yx7t9H92XKbL8FqFLoo2SGVI0BDMila2V4PIyyaV2mHUVVADDK2IxEUubV_c1eJfs4WoK4d9WFoszC2gQigKEAwlQRAndsQMIT4hwlObUkac2sGpM/s200/2010_0415romanegelabgudeTuviy0078.JPG" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBJBy7mc0iGnCUCfJ1RUrCvCYNI_paguKZAYCDIOyPwAxzSlKz7b0w1thx5ygINkl1Of2wMHKX8DNd3LdQcen0u9XTsMc0_NEQVN7eSoze-zZbHjcEjDanrIxlA71O1iM5vC5G34wZA-s/s1600/2010_0415romanegelabgudeTuviy0076.JPG"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 180px; HEIGHT: 123px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5461376709736143778" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBJBy7mc0iGnCUCfJ1RUrCvCYNI_paguKZAYCDIOyPwAxzSlKz7b0w1thx5ygINkl1Of2wMHKX8DNd3LdQcen0u9XTsMc0_NEQVN7eSoze-zZbHjcEjDanrIxlA71O1iM5vC5G34wZA-s/s200/2010_0415romanegelabgudeTuviy0076.JPG" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1AyzUTyeWAfvQmjpDFRJVWmq-kUzOiZ0J2iAJzunNB823zE0R8fDaIkieR1l0e9JEdgrc_DywBjwCWY6o53TjrpUs348mbzZTHaKwBGRW7Jcm1mLzJdUrsr3T9lF5fR5ZwmCz1eLI1U8/s1600/2010_0415romanegelabgudeTuviy0077.JPG"><img style="MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 180px; HEIGHT: 123px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5461376713277740850" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1AyzUTyeWAfvQmjpDFRJVWmq-kUzOiZ0J2iAJzunNB823zE0R8fDaIkieR1l0e9JEdgrc_DywBjwCWY6o53TjrpUs348mbzZTHaKwBGRW7Jcm1mLzJdUrsr3T9lF5fR5ZwmCz1eLI1U8/s200/2010_0415romanegelabgudeTuviy0077.JPG" /></a><br /><br />From the backstage place:<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUSGXu0vD1qilhCHzjKjF5nZjkj7wrrAim0d_D9trPg8gch5msygwMo1F1uzzc2eSK53PSQc_I9hRRa8SYEC92_MFy4N7fyyUL47vaDl52S_qubY3Ot5Pe4XUSgJ_r28UfiH9PGuNRApA/s1600/2010_0415romanegelabgudeTuviy0081.JPG"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 180px; HEIGHT: 123px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5461376733238988834" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUSGXu0vD1qilhCHzjKjF5nZjkj7wrrAim0d_D9trPg8gch5msygwMo1F1uzzc2eSK53PSQc_I9hRRa8SYEC92_MFy4N7fyyUL47vaDl52S_qubY3Ot5Pe4XUSgJ_r28UfiH9PGuNRApA/s200/2010_0415romanegelabgudeTuviy0081.JPG" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihxVjhDXFvXVHcAXE07CO7R_4LUW-pgWa1pCcSd_hEIfLLhyW6Sie9-puN8nJF3n5wfB7ErHk0ZLK-wjaIWw-Aq0fVmaqmCfzsgkUBa23sZLj-t-EJYzhq-Tp7jWtq2ibAmMuFjjwxOjo/s1600/2010_0415romanegelabgudeTuviy0080.JPG"><img style="MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 180px; HEIGHT: 123px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5461376725962241122" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihxVjhDXFvXVHcAXE07CO7R_4LUW-pgWa1pCcSd_hEIfLLhyW6Sie9-puN8nJF3n5wfB7ErHk0ZLK-wjaIWw-Aq0fVmaqmCfzsgkUBa23sZLj-t-EJYzhq-Tp7jWtq2ibAmMuFjjwxOjo/s200/2010_0415romanegelabgudeTuviy0080.JPG" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLf6DgGDDDy7tipsK1z4bn1H8Mb65-cimtNUraalGkOa2DraVSJvoC4XpJyyU2W7z87Ek5d235NaUBzQdQLwixDa0x6qwIwiNfuBKowFxpla2NKsOHBpF4hcdRzwHRXYKN46mWnJP1xzg/s1600/2010_0415romanegelabgudeTuviy0083.JPG"><img style="MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 180px; HEIGHT: 123px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5461390748750776162" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLf6DgGDDDy7tipsK1z4bn1H8Mb65-cimtNUraalGkOa2DraVSJvoC4XpJyyU2W7z87Ek5d235NaUBzQdQLwixDa0x6qwIwiNfuBKowFxpla2NKsOHBpF4hcdRzwHRXYKN46mWnJP1xzg/s200/2010_0415romanegelabgudeTuviy0083.JPG" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirB9XHgj8kmhZ5bjnkyn0Sx27-KnmRQyu_AzM6mSfeFDPo9iyidX8Uojr8uXbkxDmOs_2R1GLb2Wq_1g5g05R6i5sK5MR9omUoHw57j2kIuVP9Ce0LEoKzi2zDhybaskkLN2VJ589YcsE/s1600/2010_0415romanegelabgudeTuviy0082.JPG"><img style="MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 180px; HEIGHT: 123px; CURSOR: hand" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5461390746352244498" border="0" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirB9XHgj8kmhZ5bjnkyn0Sx27-KnmRQyu_AzM6mSfeFDPo9iyidX8Uojr8uXbkxDmOs_2R1GLb2Wq_1g5g05R6i5sK5MR9omUoHw57j2kIuVP9Ce0LEoKzi2zDhybaskkLN2VJ589YcsE/s200/2010_0415romanegelabgudeTuviy0082.JPG" /></a>Levhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06414236365698578643noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7410924484620790944.post-71744806541452596182010-02-21T05:23:00.000-08:002010-02-21T05:25:18.225-08:00Next performance Bet Avihai, April 15thHere is the link to the page on <a href="http://www.bac.org.il/Event.aspx?id=01/351">Bet avihai website (Hb).</a><br /><br />More very soon...Levhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06414236365698578643noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7410924484620790944.post-71435687102001994952009-10-08T20:39:00.000-07:002009-11-04T12:28:45.214-08:00A series of performance in Israel: 10/24-11/9<span style="color:#ccccff;"></span><br /><span style="color:#9999ff;">October 24</span> ,Conservatory, Beer Sheva at 8:30PM<br /><br /><span style="color:#9999ff;">October 31</span>, Bet hagat - Ein karem, Jerusalem at 8:30PM<br /><br /><a href="http://www.bethagat.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&catid=3%3Aactivites&id=61%3Amaaseh-tuviyah-in-jewish-arts&Itemid=5"><span style="color:#9999ff;">November 5</span>, Society for the Protection of Nature Courtyard, Jerusalem at 8PM </a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.bethagat.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=60:shtriker&catid=3:activites&Itemid=5"><span style="color:#9999ff;">November 6</span>, Shtriker Conservatory, Tel Aviv at 2PM</a><br />For a map, <a href="http://maps.google.fr/maps/ms?hl=fr&ie=UTF8&msa=0&msid=112331316772969644593.0004778d10d2eedd6ad44&ll=32.092853,34.787972&spn=0.001023,0.001714&z=19">click here<br /></a><br /><span style="color:#9999ff;">November 9</span>, Henry Crown, Jerusalem Theater at 5PM<br /><br />Look for a convenient place and time and choose to which you want to come!Levhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06414236365698578643noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7410924484620790944.post-18286184814079815242009-03-31T05:38:00.000-07:002009-03-31T07:07:37.286-07:00April 5, 2009, Bloomfield Science MuseumDear Friends,<br /><br />We are happy to invite you to <strong>a special session celebrating 300 years to Ma'ase Tuviyah, by Tuviyah Cohen (1652-1729),</strong> part of the <a href="http://www.ishps.org/">Israeli Society for the History and Philosophy of Sciences (ISHPS)</a> annual meeting to be held at<br /><strong><a href="http://www.mada.org.il/">Bloomfield Science Museum</a> - Jerusalem on<br />Sunday April 5, 2009: 11h to 12h30 - the "Pharmacy" room</strong><br /><br /><strong>On the program:</strong><br /><br /><strong>Shmuel Kottek</strong> (Hebrew University of Jerusalem): Tuviya Cohen (1652-1729): An Introduction<br /><strong>Nimrod Zinger</strong> (Ben Gurion University of the Neguev): "<em>Uvekahalam al tahed kvodi..."</em> (Gn 49 6): TC and the Medical Marketplace at the Beginning of Modern Time<br /><strong>Helena Paavilainen</strong> (Hadassa Medical School): TC's <em>Pardes ha-rimmonim</em> - "Tree Herbal"<br /><strong>Etienne Lepicard</strong> (Independant Scholar): First Reception of <em>Maasse Tuviyah</em> (1708): An Esthetic Analysis<br /><br />The session will be partly in English and partly in HebrewLevhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06414236365698578643noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7410924484620790944.post-17394305235393453442008-12-14T12:00:00.000-08:002009-01-09T04:02:51.543-08:00Yehiam performance, a video<p><object height="344" width="425"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/HR5B7kluCH8&hl=en&fs=1"><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"><param name="allowscriptaccess" value="always"><embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/HR5B7kluCH8&hl=en&fs=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowscriptaccess="always" allowfullscreen="true" width="425" height="344"></embed></object><br /></p><p>From a <em>Piut</em> of Yehuda Halevi (which represents the begining of the family's journey in Zefat) - to French Ballet and Air de cour (Robert Ballard) , then to Italy's finest composers - among them the Jewish one, Salomone Rossi - and from there to Ladino music taken under the influences of Turkey (<em>Una Ora</em>) and Jerusalem (<em>Entre Las Huertas</em>), <strong>Tuviyah's Travels</strong> take you on a musical and narrative journey. </p><p>Here is a video of <em>Entre Las Huertas</em>, Yehiam, November 15, 2008. You can also click here, on <a href="http://www.box.net/shared/bq9jb5tgxg"><em>Una Ora</em></a>, to hear a mp3 version of this song. Enjoy!</p>Levhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06414236365698578643noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7410924484620790944.post-5980359268186126382008-12-14T11:11:00.000-08:002008-12-14T11:24:28.795-08:00Yehiam Program, November 15, 2008<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha59s-Zo1E1LB6iCz5h4wtKUJSau5AoXO2gKAh5GNiZ22OnQdFgOgQiIREYI-BKe2j3_xNK1PaX0OybIolcW07GTpzxmucqsTDI3iPv285XVHEc8b4Xh7arphxPVGr7cPZqV51KD8OjaQ/s1600-h/YehiyamProg_2Light.jpg"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 282px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha59s-Zo1E1LB6iCz5h4wtKUJSau5AoXO2gKAh5GNiZ22OnQdFgOgQiIREYI-BKe2j3_xNK1PaX0OybIolcW07GTpzxmucqsTDI3iPv285XVHEc8b4Xh7arphxPVGr7cPZqV51KD8OjaQ/s400/YehiyamProg_2Light.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5279728718166993954" /></a><br />A presentation in Hebrew a bit too lyric for the historian but it exists! Announcement of the spectacle in the Renaissance Festival leaflet. Click on the picture to see it full screen.Levhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06414236365698578643noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7410924484620790944.post-12277604883431223582008-12-13T07:59:00.000-08:002008-12-13T08:03:00.017-08:00Bibliography of Ma’aseh Tuviyah, 1708Tobias’s book is an encyclopaedic work in two main parts—one devoted to theology and scientific knowledge in general, and the other to medicine. According to the text on the frontispiece, which bears a portrait of Tobias, the manuscript would appear to have been completed in 1700. The publication licence from the University of Padua however—issued by the Franciscans and appearing at the end of the book—is dated 7 June 1708. One of the letters in the book’s introduction would seem to suggest that the discrepancy between the two dates is related to the role played by Solomon Conegliano, who was, at Tobias’ behest, responsible for its publication in Venice. <br />According to Ruderman, the work was printed five times at Venice between 1708 and 1850, followed by seven further editions published elsewhere—most recently in Brooklyn, New York, in 1974, and in Jerusalem, in 1967 and 1978. Ruderman thus characterizes Ma’aseh Tuviyah as “the most influential early modern Hebrew textbook of the sciences, especially medicine”. <br />One of the book’s main characteristics is its attempt to associate the “new sciences” with the traditional Jewish view of science in general and medicine in particular. As we have noted, the book is organized in encyclopaedic fashion. The first part comprises five chapters: ‘The Upper World’ (corresponding more or less to metaphysics), ‘The World of the Spheres’ (astronomy), ‘The Lower World’ (geography), ‘The Little World’ or ‘Microcosm’ (ethnography), and ‘The Foundations of the World’ (alchemy). The second part comprises three main chapters: ‘A New Land’, ‘A New House’ and ‘The House Watch’ or ‘Guard’. This corresponds to the traditional division of medical texts into three parts: physiology, pathology and therapy (limited here to hygiene). A third part includes: ‘A Garden Enclosed’ (gynaecology and obstetrics), ‘Fruit of the Womb’ (paediatrics), and ‘A Fountain Sealed’ (on sterility). It should be noted that while the chapter titles in the first part of the book relate to the idea of the “world”, and those of the second part to the theme of novelty and the house, the headings in the third part all derive from the Bible, particularly the Song of Songs. The book also includes a section on medical botany and a list of remedies.Levhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06414236365698578643noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7410924484620790944.post-10192419875235355012008-12-13T07:32:00.000-08:002008-12-13T07:37:43.710-08:00Biography of Tobias Cohen (1652–1729)Almost everything we know about Tobias Cohen is gleaned from his own book. One of the most recent accounts of Tobias and Ma’aseh Tuviyah is that of David Ruderman in his book: Jewish thought and scientific discovery in early modern Europe. <br />Tobias was born in Metz in 1652, into a learned Jewish family. His grandfather, Eleazar Cohen, emigrated from Safed (then in the Ottoman province of Damascus), to settle in Cracow (Poland), where he studied medicine. His father, Moses, was both a physician and a rabbi. He immigrated to France at the onset of the persecutions instigated by the Cossack leader Bogdan Chmielnicki in 1648. Following the death of his father, when he was nine years old, Tobias was sent back to Cracow, where he received a traditional Jewish education.<br />At the age of twenty-five, accompanied by his friend Gabriel Felix of Brody, Tobias went to study medicine at Frankfurt-on-Oder. Soon, however, the discrimination the two friends suffered drove them to abandon Frankfurt for a more open university: that of Padua, near Venice (Italy). In Padua they attended the preparatory school for Jewish medical students founded by Solomon Conegliano (1642–1719)—himself a graduate of the city’s medical university. Tobias and Gabriel obtained their doctorates in medicine and philosophy at Padua in 1683, and Tobias went on to become a physician at the Sultan’s court, residing at Adrianople and Constantinople (present-day Edirne and Istanbul respectively), before retiring to Jerusalem in 1715, where he lived until his death in 1729. <br />This family saga, from Safed to Poland, France, Italy, the Ottoman empire, and finally Jerusalem, resembles the experiences of many European Jewish savants of the early modern period. European conflicts—such as the intellectual and cultural challenges that marked the development of new sciences in a period of uncertainty and constant change—resonate in Tobias’ work.Levhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06414236365698578643noreply@blogger.com0